Sunday, 3 August 2014









Design

The Ghost was designed by Andreas Thurner and engineered by Helmut Riedl, who led the development of the larger Rolls-Royce Phantom.[9][10] The Ghost, codenamed RR04 during its design phase, was developed to compete with vehicles significantly less expensive than the Phantom, such as the Bentley Continental Flying Spur.
The car is based on a heavily modified platform shared with BMW’s latest 7-Series,[11] called the F01 platform. The company concedes that 20% of parts are common to both cars. The Ghost has a 129.7-inch (3,290 mm) wheelbase, roof height, bonnet height and track widths all of its own, and the Ghost uses Phantom-style air springs. The car also shares the FlexRay electronic system with its larger stablemate.[3] The car has a kerb weight of 5,445 lb (2,470 kg).[3]
Like other current Rolls-Royce models, the Ghost uses parent company BMW's iDrive user interface; unlike the Phantom series, the Spirit of Ecstasy hood ornament along with more functions, are controlled using the system.[12]

2010 Paris Motor Show bespoke car collection

Bespoke Ghost Silver 100 includes the following:
  • Single coachline in crème light
  • Black stained ash veneer
  • Black contrast stitching
  • Silver pinstripes
  • Tread plates RR logo and Mondial de l'Automobile Paris 2010
Bespoke Midnight Sapphire includes the following:
  • Seat piping in fleet blue
  • Spirit of Ecstasy inlay to door cappings
  • Tread plates RR logo and Mondial de l'Automobile Paris 2010
The vehicles were unveiled in 2010 Paris Motor Show.[13]

Ghost Extended Wheelbase (2011–)

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Shanghai Motor Show.[14][15]
A bespoke version (with sapphire body colour, a silver satin bonnet, panoramic sunroof, leather upholstery in crème light and navy blue, dark wenge veneer) was unveiled at the 2012 Goodwood Festival of Speed.[16]

China Edition Ghost (2011–)

This is a limited edition of the Rolls-Royce Ghost for the Chinese market. It included red interior, gold twin-coachlines, gold-plated Spirit of Ecstasy and stainless steel pinstripes, 3 body colour options (Deep Garnet, Black Ember and Infinity), silver and gold packages (e.g. specially plated Spirit of Ecstasy, coachlines, Rolls-Royce inlays).
The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Shanghai Motor Show.[14][15]

Two-tone car (2012–)

The two-tone colour scheme bespoke option was first offered for Rolls-Royce Ghost in 2012.
The first bespoke Rolls-Royce Ghost (with Infinity Black and Cassiopeia Silver body colours, seashell headlining, black stained ash veneer with steel pinstripes framed by black leather upholstery, lambswool floor mats) was unveiled at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.
The second bespoke Rolls-Royce Ghost (with Baynunah Brown body colour, Arizona Sun at bonnet, window surrounds, roof and luggage compartment; gold-plated Spirit of Ecstasy, double coach-line in gold) was commissioned for delivery to a client based in the Middle East.[17][18]

Engines

The Rolls-Royce Ghost features a modified version of the BMW N74 V12 engine, called the N74B66.
Petrol engines[19]
[hide]Model Years Type/code Power@rpm, Torque@rpm
Ghost 2009- 6,592 cc (402.3 cu in) V12 twin turbo (N74B66) 570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp)@5250, 780 N·m (575 lb·ft)@1500
Ghost Extended Wheelbase 2011- 6,592 cc (402.3 cu in) V12 twin turbo (N74B66) 570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp)@5250, 780 N·m (575 lb·ft)@1500

Transmissions

All models include ZF 8-speed automatic transmission.[20]

Performance

The engine allows the Ghost to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.7 seconds, and has an electronically limited top speed of 155 mph (250 km/h).[21]

Manufacturing

The Rolls-Royce Ghost is built on its own dedicated production line at the Goodwood plant, sharing paint, wood and leather workshops with the Phantom series.[22]

2013 model year update

Ghost Six Senses concept (2012)

It is a concept vehicle encapsulating the richness of experience that comes as standard with any Rolls-Royce. It includes Carrara White body colour, forged alloy wheels, Walnut Burr veneer with diagonally-oriented, brown oak cross-banding.[23][24]

Ghost (2012-)

The design of updated Ghost was based on Bespoke Ghost Six Sense collection. Changes include soft natural grain leather upholstery, cross banded wood veneers, upgraded amplifier, addition of 'exciter' speakers housed in the leather headlining, Comfort Access allowing the opening of the boot with foot movement, proximity-based remote boot release mechanism, addition of forged alloy wheel option, a palette of 44,000 exterior paint options.
Production began in the fall of 2012.[25]

Race Director's Ghost Extended Wheelbase (2012)

It is a version of Ghost Extended Wheelbase with midnight sapphire body colour and silver satin bonnet, used as Race Director's car at 2012 Goodwood Festival of Speed.
The vehicle was unveiled in 2012 Goodwood Festival of Speed.[16][26]

Ghost Art Deco car (2012–)

This is a version of the Ghost with Art Deco-inspired interior detailing.[27]
Retail model includes a choice of infinity black or arctic white body colour, dual bespoke coach line, illuminated Spirit of Ecstasy, interior Art Deco inlays, Olympia-inspired motif on tread plates and headrest embroidery. A black and white interior scheme features a choice of four seat piping colours inspired by the colour palette of the era.
A bespoke car, which includes jubilee silver and cobalt blue body colours, was unveiled in 2012 Paris Motor Show.[28][29]

One Thousand and One Nights Bespoke Ghost Collection (2012-)

It is a Bespoke collection of Ghost family cars, inspired by the tales of 'The Arabian Nights Entertainment'. The vehicles include two-tone paint schemes with a warm colour palette created by the Bespoke team at the Home of Rolls-Royce in Goodwood, England. It included tan-painted C-pillar, Arabic words, “One Thousand and One Nights,” and white-painted designs appear beside the door handles and just below the A-pillars.[30]
Chapter one was unveiled in 2012 Sharjah International Automobile Show, followed by Chapters two and three in the first and third quarter of 2013 respectively.[31][32]

Art Deco Ghost Extended Wheelbase (2013-)

The Hong Kong model is a unique version of Ghost Extended Wheelbase from the 35-unit Art Deco Collection Ghost series, with a black and Arctic white interior, Art Deco coachline on the sides, smooth powder blue body colour, black leather upholstery with powder blue seat piping, Art Deco embroidery on the headrests, Art Deco inlays within piano black wood, specially-themed treadplates.[33]
The China model is a limited (8 units) of Ghost Extended Wheelbase with infinity black or arctic white body colour, dual bespoke coach line, illuminated Spirit of Ecstasy, handcrafted Art Deco inlays, Olympia-inspired motifs on tread plates highlighting 'China Limited Collection – One of Eight' and headrest embroidery, black and white interior scheme, a choice of four seat piping colours takes inspiration from the colour palette of the era.[34]

Art Deco Collection Ghost (2013-)

It is a limited (35 units) version of Ghost.
The vehicle was unveiled in 34th Bangkok International Motor Show.[35]

Alpine Trial Centenary Collection Ghost (2013-)

It is a limited version of Ghost inspired by the 1913 Alpine Trials Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost race cars, with body colour from Radley's Silver Ghost, black grille and wheels, clock displays the stages of the rally and timings, inlays to rear picnic tables and the front fascia express the topography and distances of the Alpine route, a hand-painted coachline colour-matched to the hood of Radley's car referencing the four Rolls-Royces that took part in the rally and headlining.[36]
The vehicle was unveiled in Auto China 2013,[37][38] followed by 2013 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance.[39]

FAB1 (2013)

It is a version of Rolls-Royce Ghost Extended Wheelbase set to support FAB1 Million and Breast Cancer Care, inspired by the Thunderbirds FAB 1 car. It included pink accented umbrellas, to hand-embroidered headrest with Breast Cancer Care pink ribbon motif, unique 'FAB1' treadplates, a Blushing Pink and Crème Light interior leather scheme, uplit Spirit of Ecstasy, silver satin bonnet, hand veneered picnic tables, 9.2 inch LCD screens, a champagne coolbox, a 10-channel amplifier, 16 speakers delivering 600 Watts of surround sound, sumptuous leather seats, lambswool foot mats.
The vehicle was driven from Land's End to John O'Groats starting 2013-04-18.[40][41][42][43]

Home of Rolls-Royce Collection Ghost (2013-)

They are versions of Ghost conceived and designed by the Rolls-Royce Bespoke team, commemorating 10 years of production at the Home of Rolls-Royce in Goodwood, England.[44][45]
The vehicle was unveiled at 2013 Frankfurt IAA.[46]

Chengdu Ghost Golden Sun Bird (2013)

It is a unique version of Ghost Extended Wheelbase inspired by the Golden Sun Bird Chinese artefact, with two-tone white and gold body colour scheme, gold coachline, gold grille, gold Spirit of Ecstasy, interior gold embroidery, light brown leather upholstery with white trim.[47][48][49]

Ghost V-Specification (2014)

It is a limited version of Ghost and Ghost Extended Wheelbase sold between January to June 2014, with increased engine by 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp), V-Specification motif coachlines, a choice of 5 standard or 44,000 hue body colours, optional visible chrome exhausts and 21-inch part-polished wheels, V-Specification motif at engraving to the treadplates, embroidery to the rear armrest and hand-applied steel inlays, front multimedia screen lid; an exclusively designed clock with a black crown surrounding the face.[50][51]

Engines

Petrol engines
[hide]Model Years Type/code Power@rpm, Torque@rpm
Ghost 2012- 6,592 cc (402.3 cu in) V12 twin turbo (N74B66) 570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp)@5250, 780 N·m (575 lb·ft)@1500
Ghost Extended Wheelbase 2012- 6,592 cc (402.3 cu in) V12 twin turbo (N74B66) 570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp)@5250, 780 N·m (575 lb·ft)@1500
Ghost V-Specification 2014 6,592 cc (402.3 cu in) V12 twin turbo (N74B66) 600 PS (441 kW; 592 hp)@?, 780 N·m (575 lb·ft)?
Ghost Extended Wheelbase V-Specification 2014 6,592 cc (402.3 cu in) V12 twin turbo (N74B66) 600 PS (441 kW; 592 hp)@?, 780 N·m (575 lb·ft)?

Ghost Majestic Horse Edition (2014-)

It is a version of Ghost celebrating the Chinese year of the horse, with a stitched horse insignia in the headrests and rear seat cushions, a painted horse on the wooden dashboard and exterior of the car.[52]
The vehicle was unveiled in 2013 Bangkok Motor Show, with delivery set to begin in second quarter of 2014.[53]

Marketing

As part of Alpine Trial Centenary Collection Ghost premiere, the 20-Ghost Club organised a re-enactment of 1913 Alpine Trial, beginning at Vienna on 14 June 2013. The Alpine Trial Centenary Collection Car joined the original James Radley Silver Ghost and 46 other competitors in the reenactment.[37][39]

2014 model year update

Ghost Series II (2014)

Changes to Rolls-Royce Ghost include re-designed LED headlights (with whiter brighter light, electronic reflectors move in the direction of travel in response to steering-wheel turns, anti-glare technology deflects light when a car approaches in the other direction) framed by day-time running lights, re-sculptured bumpers, tapered 'wake channel' on the bonnet emanating from the Spirit of Ecstasy’s wings, re-sculpting of Ghost's bumpers, addition of chrome inserts to the front air intakes with increased air cooling to the front brakes, redesigned waft line to lean further forwards, new optional 21-inch forged wheels and standard 19-inch wheels, optional monogrammed stainless-steel fuel-filler cap, re-designed front seats include electronically adjustable thigh supports and depth adjustment, re-angled rear seats, clock fascia and instrument dials with the addition of polished metal chaplets, option of extending natural grain leather to the A and C pillars, extended Bespoke customisation options (Paldao and Walnut Burr Crossband veneers), re-engineered front and rear struts, new steering gear and adjusted dampers that increase the car's cornering ability (with Dynamic Driving Package), new hydraulic rear axle bearings enhance ride quality and rear stability reducing vibrations and cabin intrusions, standard Satellite Aided Transmission incorporating GPS and mapping data to control gear levels.[54]
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Tata Group was founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata as a trading company. It has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents. Tata Group has over 100 operating companies with each of them operating independently. Out of them 32 are publicly listed.[4] The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Global Beverages, Tata Teleservices, Titan Industries, Tata Communications and Taj Hotels.[5] The combined market capitalisation of all the 32 listed Tata companies was INR 8.2 Trillion ($ 138 billion) as of July 2014.[6] Tata receives more than 58% of its revenue from outside India.[7]
Tata Group remains a family-owned business, as the descendants of the founder (from the Tata family) own a majority stake in the company. The current chairman of the Tata group is Cyrus Pallonji Mistry, who took over from Ratan Tata in 2012.[8] Tata Sons is the promoter of all key Tata companies and holds the bulk of shareholding in these companies. The chairman of Tata Sons has traditionally been the chairman of the Tata group. About 66% of the equity of Tata Sons is held by philanthropic trusts endowed by members of the Tata family.
The Tata Group and its companies & enterprises is perceived to be India's best-known global brand within and outside the country as per an ASSOCHAM survey.[9] The 2009, annual survey by the Reputation Institute ranked Tata Group as the 11th most reputable company in the world.[10] The survey included 600 global companies. The Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous quality research, educational and cultural institutes in India.[11][12] The group was awarded the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy in 2007 in recognition of its long history of philanthropic activities.[13]

Contents

Chemicals
Consumer products
Energy
Engineering
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Sunday, 27 July 2014

TATA Motors

TATA motors
              
                      Tata Motors Limited (formerly TELCO, short for Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company) is an Indian multinationalautomotive manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and a subsidiary of the Tata Group. Its products include passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses, construction equipment and military vehicles. It is the world's seventeenth-largest motor vehicle manufacturing company, fourth-largest truck manufacturer and second-largest bus manufacturer by volume.[7]
Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, South Africa, Thailand and the United Kingdom. It has research and development centres in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow and Dharwad, India, and in South Korea, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Tata Motors' principal subsidiaries include the British premium car maker Jaguar Land Rover (the maker of Jaguar, Land Rover and Range Rover cars) and the South Korean commercial vehicle manufactuer Tata Daewoo. Tata Motors has a bus manufacturing joint venture with Marcopolo S.A. (Tata Marcopolo), a construction equipment manufacturing joint venture with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery), and a joint venture with Fiat which manufactures automotive components and Fiat and Tata branded vehicles.
Founded in 1945 as a manufacturer of locomotives, the company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors entered the passenger vehicle market in 1991 with the launch of the Tata Sierra, becoming the first Indian manufacturer to achieve the capability of developing a competitive indigenous automobile.[8] In 1998, Tata launched the first fully indigenous Indian passenger car, the Indica, and in 2008 launched the Tata Nano, the world's most affordable car. Tata Motors acquired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company in 2004 and purchased Jaguar Land Rover from Ford in 2008.
Tata Motors is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index, the National Stock Exchange of India and the New York Stock Exchange. Tata Motors is ranked 314th in the 2012 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations.
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Rolls Royce

Rolls Royce

                   Rolls-Royce may refer to:
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Jaguar

JAGUAR
             
               Jaguar was founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922, originally making motorcycle sidecars before developing passenger cars. The name was changed to Jaguar after World War II to avoid the unfavourable connotations of the SS initials.[8] Sale to The British Motor Corporation followed in 1966, the resulting enlarged company now being renamed as British Motor Holdings (BMH), which in 1968 merged with Leyland Motor Corporation and became British Leyland, itself to be nationalised in 1975.
Jaguar was de-merged from British Leyland and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984, becoming a constituent of theFTSE 100 Index until it was acquired by Ford in 1990.[9] Jaguar has, in recent years, manufactured cars for the British Prime Minister, the most recent delivery being an XJ in May 2010. The company also holds royal warrants from Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles.[11]
Jaguar cars today are designed in Jaguar Land Rover's engineering centres at the Whitley plant in Coventry and at their Gaydon sitein Warwickshire, and are manufactured in Jaguar's Castle Bromwich assembly plant in Birmingham with some manufacturing expected to take place in the Solihull plant.
In September 2013 Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to open a 100 million GBP (160 million USD) research and development centre in Warwick, United Kingdom to create a next generation of vehicle technologies. The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014.
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GDP

Gross Domestic Product
                        Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a year, or over a given period of time. GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of a country's material standard of living.
GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income (See Standard of living and GDP). Under economic theory, GDP per capita exactly equals gross domestic income (GDI) per capita. However, due to differences in measurement, there is usually a statistical discrepancy between the two figures.
GDP is related to national accounts, a subject in macroeconomics. GDP is not to be confused with gross national product (GNP) which allocates production based on ownership.
                         DP can be determined in three ways, all of which should, in principle, give the same result. They are the production (or output) approach, the income approach, or the expenditure approach.
The most direct of the three is the production approach, which sums the outputs of every class of enterprise to arrive at the total. The expenditure approach works on the principle that all of the product must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to people's total expenditures in buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the productive factors ("producers," colloquially) must be equal to the value of their product, and determines GDP by finding the sum of all producers' incomes.
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